Abstract Bjerkandera adusta, a globally distributed fungus, is commonly used in the nutritional practices of the East Asian population. In this study, we evaluated the nutritional composition of the lyophilized mycelium of B. adusta as well as the phenolic composition and antioxidant activity of its extracts. The mycelium exhibited moisture (7.97 %), ash (3.27 %), and fiber (5.31 %) content values similar to the established values reported in the available literature. In addition, a high protein (9.32 %) and carbohydrate (63.45 %) content was shown, with a low lipid (1.36 %) content. The energy value per 100 g sample of mycelium was 1445.85 kJ. The results obtained indicated a statistically significant variation (p < 0.05) in the phenolic composition (81.84-110.96 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE) per g of extract), free radical 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity (IC50 29.05-340.46 µg·mL-1), phosphomolybdenum antioxidant content (34.89-55.64 %), reduction of ferricyanide ion (66.55-69.4 %), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) values (44.66-133.03 %). These results are unprecedented for this species and emphasize its nutraceutical potential.

Abstract Population aging is a worldwide occurrence that has become urgent in developing countries. Quality of life can be measured to identify functional capacity and determine the degree of impact on quality of life exerted on an individual. This study aimed to measure the quality of life of elderly people who have been living in different long-term care facilities for the elderly. Therefore, this research was developed with a qualitative and descriptive approach. Data were obtained from medical records and interviews, and were analyzed in R language interpreter software on the Ubuntu Linux operating system. Seventy-nine elderly people participated in the study. Eleven lived in Home Marista, and 68 lived in Home Jesus Maria José. A socioeconomic questionnaire was used to collect data on the socioeconomic characteristics of the participants. The Mini-Mental State Exam was used to measure degree of cognition. The Short Form-36 Questionnaire was used to measure quality of life. The present study suggests that the results found can clarify the individual vulnerability of the elderly in the age group studied regardless of the type of residence. Despite the discrepancy found regarding the care provided at the long-term care facilities, the scores, obtained with the quality of life assessment, did not show significant differences.

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Aedes aegypti is the main vector of dengue and yellow fever. Recently, the use of plant-sourced larvicides has gained momentum. METHODS: The hydroethanolic extracts and fractions ofOcotea nutansleaves and stems were bioassayed to determine the larvicidal efficacy of these samples. RESULTS: S-HEX (hexane fraction from the crude stem extract) demonstrated high potential for controlling third-stage larvae, with an LC50 of 14.14 µg.mL-1 (concentration required to inhibit 50% of the treated larvae). CONCLUSIONS Extracts from O. nutans were effective against third-stage larvae ofA. aegyptiafter 24 h of exposure.

Abstract Zika virus (ZIKV), an emerging arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) of the Flaviviridae family, is a current issue worldwide, particularly because of the congenital and neurological syndromes associated with infection by this virus. As the initial clinical symptoms of all diseases caused by this group are very similar, clinical diagnosis is difficult. Furthermore, laboratory diagnostic efforts have failed to identify specific and accurate tests for each virus of the Flaviviridae family due to the cross-reactivity of these viruses in serum samples. This situation has resulted in underreporting of the diseases caused by flaviviruses. However, many companies developed commercial diagnostic tests after the recent ZIKV outbreak. Moreover, health regulatory agencies have approved different commercial tests to extend the monitoring of ZIKV infections. Considering that a specific and sensitive diagnostic method for estimating risk and evaluating ZIKV propagation is still needed, this review aims to provide an update of the main commercially approved serological diagnostics test by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and Brazilian National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA). Additionally, we present the technologies used for monoclonal antibody production as a tool for the development of diagnostic tests and applications of these antibodies in detecting ZIKV infections worldwide.

Psychotria fractistipula L.B.Sm, R.M. Klein & Delprete (Rubiaceae) is found in the existing Atlantic Forest in the South of Brazil, in the Paraná and Santa Catarina States. The members of Rubiaceae are characterized chemically by the presence of alkaloids, some pharmacological properties of which include antifungal, antibacterial, analgesic, antioxidant, antimutagenic, and antiviral activities. In this study, we report the results of anatomical, morphological, and histochemical analyses of the leaves and stems of the Rubiaceae family member, P. fractistipula. The anatomical analysis involved of light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Morpho-anatomical and histochemical characterization were made using standard methodology. The isolated compounds were identified by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopic analysis. The following structures are highlighted as the distinctive features of the species: presence of petiolate leaves and a petiole base, leaf blade with smooth cuticle on both surfaces, paracytic stomata, and, dorsiventral mesophyll and presence of trichomes on the leaves and stems. Phytosteroids, identified as β-sitosterol and campesterol, were observed in the hexane fraction of the stem. Future studies should focus on the isolation of other fractions of interest and their characterization through specific biological and cytotoxicity assays.

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the healing potential of the electrospinning membranes of Poly (Lactic Acid) (PLA) associated with Sedum dendroideum extract in burn injuries in rats. Methods: Seventy-five rats were submitted to burn injury on their back skin: (C) untreated; (F) with daily topical application of S. dendroideum extract; (M) with electrospinning membranes of PLA; (MF10) with electrospinning membranes of PLA with 10% S. dendroideum extract; (MF25) with electrospinning membranes of PLA with 25% S. dendroideum extract. Tissue samples were taken after 2, 6 and 14 days of the burn injury and were subjected to histomorfometric analysis of quantification of fibroblasts, collagen fibers, blood vessels, and inflammatory infiltrate Results: The histomorphometric analysis showed an increase in the number of fibroblasts, collagen fibers and blood vessels in the burns treated with membranes of PLA, associated or not with the 10% and 25% extract. The extract of S. dendroideum promoted the increase of collagen fibers. Conclusion: The electrospinning PLA membrane, isolated or associated with the S. dendrodeum extract, favored the healing of burn injuries in this experimental model, with an increase of fibroblasts, collagen fibers, and blood vessels. S. dendroideum isolated only stimulated the collagenesis.

Abstract With this essay, which is the result of a research work carried out in February 2014 at the Centro de estudios andinos Bartolomé de Las Casas in Cuzco, the author offers a contribution to the historical and anthropological understanding of the hetero-construction of the Indio borracho por naturaleza (Indian drunk by nature) present in Andean Peru between 16th and 19th centuries.

Resumen Con este ensayo, resultado de un trabajo de investigación realizado en febrero de 2014 en el Centro de estudios andinos Bartolomé de Las Casas en Cuzco, el autor ofrece una contribución a la comprensión histórico-antropológica de la hetero-construcción del indio borracho por naturaleza presente en el Perú andino entre los siglos XVI y XIX.

Myrcia hatschbachii D. Legrand (Myrtaceae) is a native and endemic species from Brazil. This study investigated the essential oil composition, phytotoxic potential, in vitro toxicity, antioxidant properties and antibacterial activity of species. Chromatographic analysis of essential oil identified trans-calamanene, (E)-caryophyllene and spathulenol as major components. Antioxidant capacity was determined by the DPPH• scavenging method and phosphomolybdenum complex formation assay. Antibacterial activity was evaluated using the Minimal Inhibitory Concentration test, demonstrating that the essential oil was active toward Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus. Phytotoxic activity of essential oil was analyzed by testing interference on germination and growth of Lactuca sativa, demonstrating significant inhibition of the hypocotyls and radicles of seeds. Preliminary toxicity studies were determined using Artemia salina, resulting in an LC50 of 409.92 µg/mL, and through hemolytic activity. The results of the phytotoxic activity point to a possible application for Myrcia hatschbachii in the development of natural herbicides and the in vitro toxicity assays suggests the performance of antitumoral activity tests, having in mind the prospection of antineoplastic drugs.

Abstract In snowmelt basins, temporal and spatial variations of snow cover significantly affect water availability. The morphological characteristics of the basin affect the distribution and permanence of the snow. A detailed analysis should contribute to understand the functioning of the hydrological system and in this way to carry out its planning and integral management. A product derived from satellite images provided by the MODIS sensor (MOD10A2) was used, with the objective of evaluating the area covered by snow and its spatio-temporal variation in the upper basin of the Colorado River, by means of a spatial analysis of the morphometric parameters (elevation, slope, aspect), from the year 2000 to 2015. The information derived from remote sensors allows the monitoring of large areas of territory in a permanent, objective, economic and real time, and complements that provided by traditional meteorological stations. Our results show a tendency of diminution of the extension of the cover of snow from the year 2005, which is reflected in the decrease of the annual spill of the hydrological cycles later. Areas with permanent snow cover were identified, which are located mainly in the Grande River basin and others with greater temporal variations (inter-annual and intra-annual) in the center and south of both basins.

Resumen En cuencas de régimen nival las variaciones temporales y espaciales de la cobertura de nieve afectan significativamente la disponibilidad de agua. Las características morfológicas de la cuenca afectan la distribución y permanencia de la nieve. Su estudio detallado permite comprender el funcionamiento del sistema hidrológico y de esta manera realizar su planificación y manejo integral. Se utilizó un producto derivado de imágenes satelitales provistas por el sensor MODIS (MOD10A2), con el objetivo de evaluar el área cubierta por nieve y su variación espacio-temporal en la cuenca alta del río Colorado mediante un análisis espacial del relieve (altura, pendiente y orientación) desde el año 2000 a 2015. La información derivada de sensores remotos permite el seguimiento de grandes extensiones de territorio de forma permanente, objetiva, económica y en tiempo real, y complementa aquella provista por estaciones meteorológicas tradicionales. Los resultados muestran una tendencia de disminución de la extensión de la cubierta de nieve a partir del año 2005, lo cual se ve reflejado en la disminución del derrame anual de los ciclos hidrológicos posteriores. Se identificaron zonas con cobertura permanente de nieve que se ubican principalmente en la subcuenca del río Grande y otras con mayores variaciones temporales (interanual e intranual) centro y sur de ambas subcuencas.

Objective to analyze the in-hospital complications of prolonged hospital stay in patients with ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack, admitted to the stroke unit of a tertiary hospital. Method this is an evaluative correlational study. All first-ever ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack patients admitted were retrospectively analyzed. During hospital stay, the predictors of long-term hospitalization considered were: 1) clinical complications (pneumonia, urinary tract infection, pressure damage and deep vein thrombosis), and 2) neurological complications (malignant ischemic stroke and symptomatic hemorrhagic transformation). Results 353 patients were discharged in the study period. Mean age was 64.1±13.7 years old and 186 (52.6%) were men. The mean time of hospital stay was 13.7±14.3 days. Pneumonia (25.3±28.8 days, p<0.001), urinary tract infection (32.9±45.2 days, p<0.001) and malignant stroke (29.1±21.4 days, p<0.001) increased significantly the length of hospital stay compared to patients without any complications (11.2±7.1 days). Conclusion this study showed that three complications delayed hospital discharge in patients admitted in a stroke unit, two preventable ones: pneumonia and urinary tract infection. More intense measures to avoid them should be included in the performance indicators to reduce the length of hospital stay in stroke units.

Objetivo Analizar las complicaciones intrahospitalarias de estancia hopitalaria prolongada en pacientes con accidente cerebrovascular isquémico o accidente isquémico transitorio, ingresados en la unidad de accidente cerebrovascular de un hospital terciario. Método Se trata de un estudio evaluativo correlacional. Todos los primeros pacientes con accidente cerebrovascular isquémico o ataque isquémico transitorio ingresados fueron analizados retrospectivamente. Durante la estancia hospitalaria, los factores predictivos de hospitalización prolongada considerados fueron: 1) complicaciones clínicas (neumonía, infección del tracto urinario, daño por presión y trombosis venosa profunda), y 2) complicaciones neurológicas (accidente cerebrovascular isquémico maligno y transformación hemorrágica sintomática). Resultados 353 pacientes fueron dados de alta en el período de estudio. La edad media fue de 64,1±13,7 años y 186 (52,6%) eran hombres. El tiempo medio de estancia hospitalaria fue de 13,7±14,3 días. La neumonía (25,3±28,8 días, p<0,001), la infección del tracto urinario (32,9±45,2 días, p<0,001) y el accidente cerebrovascular maligno (29,1±21,4 días, p<0,001) aumentado significativamente la duración de la estancia hospitalaria en comparación con los pacientes sin ninguna complicación (11.2±7.1 días). Conclusión Este estudio mostró que de las tres complicaciones retrasaron el alta hospitalaria en pacientes ingresados en una unidad de accidente cerebrovascular, dos eran prevenibles: la neumonía y la infección del tracto urinario. Las medidas más intensas para evitarlas deben incluirse en los indicadores de rendimiento para reducir la duración de la estancia hospitalaria en unidades de accidente cerebrovascular.

Objetivo analisar as complicações intra-hospitalares de internação prolongada em pacientes com AVC isquêmico ou ataque isquêmico transitório, internados na unidade de AVC de um hospital terciário. Método trata-se de um estudo correlacional avaliativo. Todos os pacientes com primeira incidência de acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico ou ataque isquêmico transitório admitidos foram analisados retrospectivamente. Durante a internação hospitalar, os fatores preditores de internação prolongada foram: 1) complicações clínicas (pneumonia, infecção do trato urinário, lesão por pressão e trombose venosa profunda), e 2) complicações neurológicas (acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico maligno e transformação hemorrágica sintomática). Resultados 353 pacientes receberam alta no período do estudo. A média de idade foi de 64,1±13,7 anos e 186 (52,6%) eram homens. O tempo médio de internação hospitalar foi de 13,7±14,3 dias. Pneumonia (25,3±28,8 dias, p<0,001), infecção do trato urinário (32,9±45,2 dias, p<0,001) e acidente vascular cerebral maligno (29,1±21,4 dias, p<0,001) aumentaram significativamente o tempo de permanência hospitalar em relação aos pacientes sem quaisquer complicações (11,2±7,1 dias). Conclusão este estudo mostrou que três complicações atrasaram a alta hospitalar em pacientes internados em uma unidade de AVC, duas delas evitáveis: pneumonia e infecção do trato urinário. Medidas mais intensas para evitá-las devem ser incluídas nos indicadores de desempenho para reduzir o tempo de permanência hospitalar nas unidades de AVC.

Objetivo analisar as complicações intra-hospitalares de internação prolongada em pacientes com AVC isquêmico ou ataque isquêmico transitório, internados na unidade de AVC de um hospital terciário. Método trata-se de um estudo correlacional avaliativo. Todos os pacientes com primeira incidência de acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico ou ataque isquêmico transitório admitidos foram analisados retrospectivamente. Durante a internação hospitalar, os fatores preditores de internação prolongada foram: 1) complicações clínicas (pneumonia, infecção do trato urinário, lesão por pressão e trombose venosa profunda), e 2) complicações neurológicas (acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico maligno e transformação hemorrágica sintomática). Resultados 353 pacientes receberam alta no período do estudo. A média de idade foi de 64,1±13,7 anos e 186 (52,6%) eram homens. O tempo médio de internação hospitalar foi de 13,7±14,3 dias. Pneumonia (25,3±28,8 dias, p<0,001), infecção do trato urinário (32,9±45,2 dias, p<0,001) e acidente vascular cerebral maligno (29,1±21,4 dias, p<0,001) aumentaram significativamente o tempo de permanência hospitalar em relação aos pacientes sem quaisquer complicações (11,2±7,1 dias). Conclusão este estudo mostrou que três complicações atrasaram a alta hospitalar em pacientes internados em uma unidade de AVC, duas delas evitáveis: pneumonia e infecção do trato urinário. Medidas mais intensas para evitá-las devem ser incluídas nos indicadores de desempenho para reduzir o tempo de permanência hospitalar nas unidades de AVC.

Objective to analyze the in-hospital complications of prolonged hospital stay in patients with ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack, admitted to the stroke unit of a tertiary hospital. Method this is an evaluative correlational study. All first-ever ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack patients admitted were retrospectively analyzed. During hospital stay, the predictors of long-term hospitalization considered were: 1) clinical complications (pneumonia, urinary tract infection, pressure damage and deep vein thrombosis), and 2) neurological complications (malignant ischemic stroke and symptomatic hemorrhagic transformation). Results 353 patients were discharged in the study period. Mean age was 64.1±13.7 years old and 186 (52.6%) were men. The mean time of hospital stay was 13.7±14.3 days. Pneumonia (25.3±28.8 days, p<0.001), urinary tract infection (32.9±45.2 days, p<0.001) and malignant stroke (29.1±21.4 days, p<0.001) increased significantly the length of hospital stay compared to patients without any complications (11.2±7.1 days). Conclusion this study showed that three complications delayed hospital discharge in patients admitted in a stroke unit, two preventable ones: pneumonia and urinary tract infection. More intense measures to avoid them should be included in the performance indicators to reduce the length of hospital stay in stroke units.

Objetivo Analizar las complicaciones intrahospitalarias de estancia hopitalaria prolongada en pacientes con accidente cerebrovascular isquémico o accidente isquémico transitorio, ingresados en la unidad de accidente cerebrovascular de un hospital terciario. Método Se trata de un estudio evaluativo correlacional. Todos los primeros pacientes con accidente cerebrovascular isquémico o ataque isquémico transitorio ingresados fueron analizados retrospectivamente. Durante la estancia hospitalaria, los factores predictivos de hospitalización prolongada considerados fueron: 1) complicaciones clínicas (neumonía, infección del tracto urinario, daño por presión y trombosis venosa profunda), y 2) complicaciones neurológicas (accidente cerebrovascular isquémico maligno y transformación hemorrágica sintomática). Resultados 353 pacientes fueron dados de alta en el período de estudio. La edad media fue de 64,1±13,7 años y 186 (52,6%) eran hombres. El tiempo medio de estancia hospitalaria fue de 13,7±14,3 días. La neumonía (25,3±28,8 días, p<0,001), la infección del tracto urinario (32,9±45,2 días, p<0,001) y el accidente cerebrovascular maligno (29,1±21,4 días, p<0,001) aumentado significativamente la duración de la estancia hospitalaria en comparación con los pacientes sin ninguna complicación (11.2±7.1 días). Conclusión Este estudio mostró que de las tres complicaciones retrasaron el alta hospitalaria en pacientes ingresados en una unidad de accidente cerebrovascular, dos eran prevenibles: la neumonía y la infección del tracto urinario. Las medidas más intensas para evitarlas deben incluirse en los indicadores de rendimiento para reducir la duración de la estancia hospitalaria en unidades de accidente cerebrovascular.

The present study was undertaken to assess the potential uses of the essential oil obtained from Ocotea nutans (Nees) Mez. The hydrodistilled essential oil from O. nutans leaves was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Fifty-eight compounds representing 87,29% of the total leaf essential oil components were identified, of which biciclogermacrene(11.41%), germacrene-D (4.89%), bisabolol-11-ol(3.73%) and spathulenol (3.71%) were the major compounds. The essential oil from O. nutans were tested for antibacterial activity using the minimum inhibitory concentracion (MIC) method, Artemia salina method, larvicidal activity in Aedes aegypti, and antioxidant capacity.The antioxidant activity measured by the phosphomolybdenum complex and Prussian blue method had positive results. The minimum inhibitory concentration for the microorganisms tested allowed moderate inhibitionfor Enterococcus faecalis(MIC=500 µg/mL). Artemia salina were toxic to the organisms in the study (LC50= 71,70 μg /mL). The essential oil showed remarkable larvicidal activity potencial (LC50= 250 µg/mL). The present results showed thatO. nutans essential oil has potential biological uses.

The article has aimed to characterize the essential oil extracted from Ocotea diospyrifolia (Meisn.) Mez. leaves, in terms of its chemical composition and antioxidant, hemolytic, and phytotoxic potentials, as well as its toxicity against Artemia salina. The major constituents identified by CG-MS were d-elemene, spathulenol, and b-atlantol. When screened for potential biological activities, the essential oil presented low toxicity against Artemia salina, and a capacity of lysing red blood cells. Also, the evaluation of its in vitro antioxidant activity, using the phosphomolybdenum method, showed better results when compared to butylhydroxytoluene (BHT) and rutin. In conclusion, the results obtained showed certain in vitro toxicity, leading to an interesting target for cytotoxicity evaluations of carcinoma cells.

Resumo OBJETIVO Analisar a cultura de segurança do paciente em relação às dimensões relativas à comunicação e notificação de eventos na percepção da equipe de saúde. MÉTODO Survey realizado em hospital de ensino do Paraná mediante aplicação do questionário Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture a 158 profissionais atuantes em unidades cirúrgicas no período de maio a setembro de 2017. A análise dos dados se deu por estatística descritiva e analítica; dimensões com respostas positivas ≥75% representam áreas fortes para a segurança do paciente. RESULTADOS Nenhuma dimensão ou item/questão foram considerados fortes para a segurança do paciente cirúrgico. Houve diferença, com percepção menos negativa da enfermagem em relação à medicina, nas dimensões “Retorno da informação e comunicação sobre o erro” e “Frequência de relatos de eventos” (p<0,001). CONCLUSÃO A equipe de saúde percebe fragilidade na segurança de pacientes em relação à dimensão comunicação, demandando ações promotoras da segurança do paciente.

Abstract OBJECTIVE To analyze the safety culture related to the communication dimensions and event notification from the perception of the health team. METHOD Survey carried out in a teaching hospital of Paraná through the application of the Survey on Patient Safety Culture questionnaire to 158 professionals working in surgical units from May to September 2017.The analysis of the data was done by descriptive and analytical statistics; dimensions with positive responses ≥75% represent strong areas for patient safety. RESULTS No dimension or item/question were considered strong to surgical patient safety. There was a difference, with a less negative perception from nursing in relation to medicine, in the dimensions "Return of the information and communication about the error" and "Frequency of events reports" (p<0.001). CONCLUSION The health team perceives that there is fragility in the patient safety in relation to the communication dimension, demanding actions that promote the patient safety.

Resumen OBJETIVO Analizar la cultura de la seguridad del paciente en relación a las dimensiones relativas a la comunicación y notificación de eventos en la percepción del equipo de salud. MÉTODO Survey, realizado en un hospital de enseñanza del Paraná mediante el uso de la encuesta Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture con 158 profesionales que actúan en unidades quirúrgicas durante el período de mayo a septiembre de 2017. Se realizó el análisis de datos a través de la estadística descriptiva y analítica. Las dimensiones con respuestas positivas ≥75% representan significativas áreas para la seguridad del paciente. RESULTADOS Ninguna dimensión o elemento/questión fue considerada como significativa para la seguridad del paciente quirúrgico. Se obtuvo un mayor índice (67,9%) cuanto a la libertad de hablar libremente sobre los riesgos en el cuidado, y un menor índice (25,2%) sobre los cambios generados por la comunicación del error. Hubo diferencias, con percepción menos negativa de la enfermería, en relación a la medicina, en las dimensiones “Retorno de la información y comunicación sobre el error” y “Frecuencia de relatos de eventos” (p<0,001). CONCLUSIÓN El equipo de salud observa una debilidad en la seguridad de los pacientes en relación a la dimensión de la comunicación, demandando acciones que promuevan seguridad del paciente.